W J R (Jock) Gardner is a historian in the Naval Historical Branch of Naval Staff of the Ministry of Defence where he has worked since 1994 after a naval career, specialising in antisubmarine warfare and intelligence. As a historian, his interests are 20th century naval history and intelligence. He has lectured from Moscow to Monterey on various topics, as well as being published in a range of academic journals and holding an external post at Brunel University. His books include Decoding History: The Battle of Atlantic and Ultra (Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1999). He is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society.
Maurice Hankey (1877-1963) deserves to be far better known than he is today as the principal architect of the Cabinet Office in modern British government. It would be wrong to see the current system as identical to that established by …