...Sweden to finally bring an end to the French Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte after more than twenty years of continuous warfare in Europe. Castlereagh had agreed a strategy for negotiations...
The 3 Polish codebreakers Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki and Henryk Zygalski ‘Il y a du nouveau’ On 26 July 1939, in the Pyry Forest south of Warsaw, Polish cryptologists revealed...
...commands. These are likely to be Scottish officers given that many Scottish volunteers were serving in the armies of the King of Sweden in Germany at the time. We even...
...overall codename for the Allied invasion of occupied north-western Europe. After months of detailed planning, involving much discussion, a certain amount of friction between Allied military and civilian authorities, and...
...shortage. In 1915, under the wartime coalition government of Herbert Henry Asquith, William Palmer, 2nd Earl Selborne, was appointed President of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, and charged with...
...British, than originally apparent. Portrait of the dancer, Mata Hari, executed for espionage. © IWM. Early years Born in the Netherlands in 1876, her father’s business failed when she was...
...Turing, without whom the Enigma code might never have been broken, the Second World War might not have been won so speedily, and many more lives would have been lost...
...sword to smite its enemies. Spreading the Revolution Initially focussed on internal opposition, the Cheka began very soon to send agents abroad to gather intelligence and promote revolution by covert...