The 3 Polish codebreakers Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki and Henryk Zygalski ‘Il y a du nouveau’ On 26 July 1939, in the Pyry Forest south of Warsaw, Polish cryptologists revealed...
...the revolution and neutralise political opposition. The Cheka, established on 20 December 1917, was in many ways a reincarnation of the Tsarist security service, the Okhrana, making use of its...
...including the erection of the Berlin Wall in August 1961 and the Cuban missile crisis in October 1962. In addition, civil war in Laos and increasing tension between South and...
...Brandenburg Gate, he saw the border between East and West Berlin "being blocked off with concrete and barbed wire, and columns of vehicles unloading police, soldiers and engineering stores "as...
...(the day before the Allied conference opened at Potsdam) a more specific date for the use of the weapon could be set. Two bombs were ready: delay in their use...
...overall codename for the Allied invasion of occupied north-western Europe. After months of detailed planning, involving much discussion, a certain amount of friction between Allied military and civilian authorities, and...
...Turing, without whom the Enigma code might never have been broken, the Second World War might not have been won so speedily, and many more lives would have been lost...
...Not that the going was always smooth between these Foreign Secretaries and their Prime Ministers. Castlereagh’s diplomatic tour of Europe between 1814-15 took him to the Hague, through Germany, into...
...Non-Military Organisation Although called the Women’s “Land Army”, it was not a military organisation. This was because the women were employed by individual, private farmers, and not the State.[10] Nevertheless,...
...through occasional work and the contributions of wealthy sponsors. She was a courtesan. At the start of the First World War she was in Berlin. Because of her residency in...