...that symbolised their service to the war (Figures 3 and 4); a code of conduct (although this was not uniform across the counties), and faced disciplinary action for misdemeanours.[12] Whilst...
...Using a German code which he knew had been broken by the British, he transmitted the message ‘The British are now running France’. Unsurprisingly, the French intercepted it. In spring...
...Turing, without whom the Enigma code might never have been broken, the Second World War might not have been won so speedily, and many more lives would have been lost...
...Berlin in 1878. His strong anti-Russian policy in the East, and the passage of the Empress of India Act in 1876, pleased Queen Victoria, who irritated the Liberal opposition by...
...full flow, he simply said ‘No’. Clement Attlee (The National Archives reference INF 14/19) It is difficult to envisage a twenty-first century politician passing up the opportunity to promote their...
...then Aldborough in 1754. Although widely acknowledged as a formidable Commons performer, Pitt lacked a large personal following and George II still treated him with suspicion. He was not promoted...
...the American War of Independence meant that it soon rose by £75 million. Taxing issues overseas Such talents, along with significant changes in the administration of India, Ireland and Canada,...
...India and Ireland with mixed results. It was partly at Pitt’s prompting that William Wilberforce took up the issue of the slave trade. Among his most striking initiatives were financial...
...forced upon him, and in summer 1783 let it be known that he would welcome opposition to the ministry’s bill to reform the East India Company; its parliamentary defeat gave...
...office under Perceval before joining the Admiralty Board in June 1810. Controversial Corn Laws When Castlereagh joined Lord Liverpool’s administration in 1812, however, Robinson was promoted to Vice-President of the...