...that symbolised their service to the war (Figures 3 and 4); a code of conduct (although this was not uniform across the counties), and faced disciplinary action for misdemeanours.[12] Whilst...
...Using a German code which he knew had been broken by the British, he transmitted the message ‘The British are now running France’. Unsurprisingly, the French intercepted it. In spring...
...Turing, without whom the Enigma code might never have been broken, the Second World War might not have been won so speedily, and many more lives would have been lost...
...capabilities were to expand greatly at the end of the war when they combined to form the Government Code and Cypher School, precursor of GCHQ. The First World War context...
...to expand the franchise to incorporate elements of the new middle class, redistribute parliamentary seats to ensure better representation for the industrial towns, and eliminate the ‘rotten boroughs’, such as...
...including the erection of the Berlin Wall in August 1961 and the Cuban missile crisis in October 1962. In addition, civil war in Laos and increasing tension between South and...
...but uncertainty, unrest and ideological struggle had a global dimension. At the beginning of 1949, Mao Zedong was on the brink of overcoming Nationalist resistance and the People’s Republic of...
...Battle of El Alamein in October 1942, and at the Battle of Monte Cassino between January and May 1944. The Royal Indian Navy fought in the North Atlantic and the...
...Jose Mourinho or Arsene Wenger, but by Kim Il Sung, Eternal Leader of the Democratic People’s Republic of North Korea (DPRK) in the 1960s. This tactical insight may not be...
...disarmament and Far Eastern affairs. A number of agreements were reached which amounted to the end of British naval superiority: a fixed ratio of capital ships tonnage between them (Britain...