The 3 Polish codebreakers Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki and Henryk Zygalski ‘Il y a du nouveau’ On 26 July 1939, in the Pyry Forest south of Warsaw, Polish cryptologists revealed...
...methods and in some cases its personnel, as well. The Cheka’s first head, the Pole Feliks Dzerzhinsky, had spent years in Tsarist prisons or exile, and had learned his tradecraft...
...Not that the going was always smooth between these Foreign Secretaries and their Prime Ministers. Castlereagh’s diplomatic tour of Europe between 1814-15 took him to the Hague, through Germany, into...
...code breaking operations at Bletchley Park and elsewhere. Global conflict is complex, and no single element is decisive. But a large part of the answer to the question ‘What’s the...
...Army, 1917 David Lloyd George was elected Prime Minister in December 1916, and dedicated to resolving the Food Problem.[4] He appointed Rowland Prothero as President of the Board of Agriculture...
...requested that she should be returned to Spain. The British authorities obliged. All the time she was desperate to travel to Vittel in France, where Captain Masloff was recuperating, but...
...Turing, without whom the Enigma code might never have been broken, the Second World War might not have been won so speedily, and many more lives would have been lost...
...deeper story of British support for liberal constitutional progress and the promotion of self-government by free peoples against perceived absolutist despotism throughout the world, whether that be through backing constitutionalists...
...United States, promoting free trade and convertible currencies, certainly preferred a European bloc, including Britain, to a collection of awkward independent countries. During negotiations for the implementation of the Marshall...
...the JIC’s main responsibilities were described, including the difference between policy-making officials and elected ministers: [the JIC’s] main function is to assemble, evaluate and present joint intelligence on events, situations...