...Sweden to finally bring an end to the French Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte after more than twenty years of continuous warfare in Europe. Castlereagh had agreed a strategy for negotiations...
The 3 Polish codebreakers Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki and Henryk Zygalski ‘Il y a du nouveau’ On 26 July 1939, in the Pyry Forest south of Warsaw, Polish cryptologists revealed...
...a functioning body consisting of leading politicians drawn from the House of Commons and the House of Lords providing advice to the Queen. Though a shadow of its former self,...
...(the day before the Allied conference opened at Potsdam) a more specific date for the use of the weapon could be set. Two bombs were ready: delay in their use...
...the revolution and neutralise political opposition. The Cheka, established on 20 December 1917, was in many ways a reincarnation of the Tsarist security service, the Okhrana, making use of its...
...overall codename for the Allied invasion of occupied north-western Europe. After months of detailed planning, involving much discussion, a certain amount of friction between Allied military and civilian authorities, and...
...Turing, without whom the Enigma code might never have been broken, the Second World War might not have been won so speedily, and many more lives would have been lost...
...Non-Military Organisation Although called the Women’s “Land Army”, it was not a military organisation. This was because the women were employed by individual, private farmers, and not the State.[10] Nevertheless,...
...through occasional work and the contributions of wealthy sponsors. She was a courtesan. At the start of the First World War she was in Berlin. Because of her residency in...
...pursue their favoured policies, while the House of Commons was establishing its dominance over the House of Lords. This changed constitutional structure created a potential opening for a politician who...